Epifani used data from VTO Labs, a digital forensics lab in the US, to investigate just how much information a smart fridge keeps about its owners. Take, for example, a Samsung refrigerator. And all these things are basically stored on electronic devices.” Maybe it can also be the heart rate of a user or how many steps the user took. Smartphones and computers are the most common sorts of devices police seize to assist an investigation, but Epifani says evidence of a crime can come from all sorts of places: “It can be a location. Every time I see a device, I think, How could I extract data from there? I always do it on test devices or under authorization, of course,” says Epifani. He’s a digital forensic analyst and instructor at the SANS Institute, and he’s worked with lawyers, police, and private clients around the world. He doesn’t call himself a hacker, but he is someone the police turn to when they need help investigating whether data can be extracted from an item. Secrets like when someone switched a light off, brewed a pot of coffee, or turned on a TV can be pivotal in an investigation. That’s because, when they’re present at a crime scene, they hold secrets that might be invisible to the naked eye. Although law enforcement bodies and courts in the US don’t often explicitly refer to data from IoT devices, those devices are becoming an increasingly important part of building cases. I’ve been speaking to people who work in a field called IoT forensics, which is essentially about snooping around these devices to find data and, ultimately, clues.
But what I do know, thanks to some of the conversations I’ve had over the past few weeks, is just how much data they’re producing, and how many people can access that data if they want to. These days, it could be almost anything: a thermostat, a TV, a lightbulb, an air conditioner, or a refrigerator. Do you know how many internet-connected devices there are inside your home? I certainly don’t.
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